3. Students’ use of ICT and the role of confidence – 105 Unlike the use of a computer at home, increased frequency of use of a computer at school does not have an overall positive impact in all countries. There is a balance between countries in which the effect is positive and those in which it is negative. For the use of a computer at home, the effect is almost systematically positive for male students, but at school, it is positive only in Canada, Japan, Korea, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. In about one-third of countries, frequent use of a computer in the school system seems to have a positive impact for the GVS index of female students. Higher frequency of computer use affects the GVS index positively or negatively an equal number of countries. Index 5: general interest in science (GIS) As for computer use at home, increased frequency of