This publication was prepared by the Institute of Communication and Computer Systems of the National Technical University of Athens (ICCS-NTUA), E3M-Lab, Greece, for the Directorate-General for Energy and Transport and represents that organisation’s views on energy facts, figures and projections. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the Commission and should not be relied upon as a statement of the Commission’s or the Directorate-General’s views. Authors (E3M-Lab): Prof. P. Capros, Dr. L. Mantzos, V. Papandreou, N. Tasios Sub-contractors: ESAP SA, CNRS/LEPII, ECN, Observ’ER, WSP, Wuppertal Institute, IIASA Legal notice: The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. The manuscript was completed on 8 April 2008. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6