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OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Italy 2009
Better Regulation to Strengthen Market Dynamics
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- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Table of Contents
- Acronyms
- Executive Summary
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Part I. Regulatory Reform and Liberalisation Policies in Italy
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Chapter 1. Performance and Appraisal
- Introduction
- Drivers for regulatory reform
- Section 1. The Macroeconomic Context
- + Economic stabilisation through a long period of slow growth
- + Productivity, inflation and relative manufacturing costs are key
- + Low labour market participation rates: Another cause for slow growth
- + Slow productivity growth in Italy: A complex phenomenon in which regulation plays a key role
- + The implications of a dual labour regulation in terms of productivity and economic specialisation
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Understanding the puzzle
- Further economic challenges
- Policy responses: The government's strategy for reinvigorating growth and competitiveness
- Section 2. Regulatory Reform and Liberalisation Policies and their Contribution to Performance so Far
- Positive links between regulatory reform and growth
- + The Italian experience: Steep apparent progress with regulatory reform
- Puzzling results in terms of perception and economic growth
- + An implementation gap
- Productivity is a phenomenon with many roots that lead to market regulation and competition
- Section 3. Goals, Progress and Results
- From the 2001 to the 2008 review
- Getting the job done: Building capacities for better regulation
- Political commitment: Strengthened capacities for better regulation supporting clear policy objectives
- A new institutional impetus
- Sectoral regulators: A moving agenda
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Deploying tools for regulatory quality
- Towards a simplified approach for regulatory impact analysis
- Making Italy’s regulations transparent, cradle to grave
- Improving the interface with the EU in terms of new regulations
- Drastically cutting the number of existing laws
- Measuring and reducing administrative burdens to enable a business-friendly environment
- Changing actual perceptions and following up on implementation
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Protecting competition and consumers
- Ensuring quality regulation in a multi-level governance context
- Section 4. Regulatory Reform: Strengthening the Foundations for Future Growth
- + Assessing the potential benefits of reforms
- + Table 1.2. Summary of simulations
- + Table 1.3. The potential effects of improving regulation in the future
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Moving forward the reform agenda
- + Policy areas for regulatory reform in Italy
- Maintain the impressive administrative simplification programme, ensuring that the removal of old burdens is not offset by the adoption of new burdens
- Make better use of quality regulation tools
- Adopt good international practices for stakeholder consultation
- Maintain investment in capacity, and pursue efforts to modernise public administrations
- Enable sectoral ministries and agencies to implement reform
- Speed up due process in judicial proceedings for civil cases
- Further strengthen enforcement and application of competition law in all sectors
- + Facing up the challenges of multi-level governance
- + Build political momentum and consensus for reform
- Conclusions
- Notes
- Bibliography
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Chapter 1. Performance and Appraisal
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Part II
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Chapter 2.
Government Capacity to Assure High-quality Regulation
- Introduction
- + Regulatory policies
- + Recent developments
- Regulatory institutions and capacity
- + Regulatory reform mechanisms in the executive
- + The role of Parliament
- Training and resources
- + Regulatory authorities
- + Co-ordination between levels of governments
- Regulatory tools and procedures
- + Transparency and predictability
- + Improving the quality of new regulation
- + Improving the quality of the regulatory stock
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Table 2.1. Immediate monetary impact of Legislative Decree 112/20081
- Table 2.2. Starting business 2003-07
- + Table 2.3. Dealing with licences and registering property (2007)
- Table 2.4. Annual growth rates
- + Table 2.5. Estimated compliance costs on business, 2006
- Table 2.6. Annual aggregated total cost per sector per business category, in thousands of euros
- + Table 2.7. Estimated costs caused by the old procedure and savings for SMEs brought by the simplification measures on information obligation in the labour sector
- + Risk
- Conclusions
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Policy options
- Maintain political commitment for a consistent approach to regulatory reform
- Consolidate mechanisms for monitoring regulatory and simplification policies
- Implement a more systematic and transparent consultation mechanism taking advantage of new technologies
- Further consolidate capacity to support reform
- Foster the adoption of Regulatory Impact Assessment through a pilot approach
- Apply more consistently regulatory quality principles to the interface between the national and the European decision-making processes
- Consolidate the regulatory authorities
- Notes
- Bibliography
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Chapter 3.
Competition Policy
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Chapter 4.
Competition and Regulatory Reforms in Professional Services
- + Background
- The 2006-07 reforms
- + Conduct regulation
- Table 4.1. Disciplinary sanctions against lawyers in 2006 (157 proceedings)
- Table 4.2. Fee regulation before 2006 reforms
- + Table 4.3. Lawyers’ fee calculation methods
- + Table 4.4. Price liberalisation of professional services and pharmaceuticals
- + Table 4.5. Advertising liberalisation in the Codes of Conduct
- Table 4.6. Inter-professional co-operation
- + Exclusive tasks
- Conclusions
- Policy options
- Bibliography
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Chapter 2.
Government Capacity to Assure High-quality Regulation
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Part III. Multi-level Governance
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Chapter 5. Key Issues
- Introduction
- + Economic performance among Italian regions: Large and persistent regional disparities
- + Multi-level governance in Italy: The evolution towards increased decentralisation
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Competitiveness and regional development policies in Italy’s multi-level governance framework
- + Table 5.1. Objectives, indicators, and targets in the new performance reserve for 2007-13
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The liberalisation of local public services in Italy
- Notes
- Bibliography
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Chapter 6.
The Challenges of Efficient Regulation in a Multi-level Governance Context
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Chapter 7. Competition and Regulatory Reform in Commercial Distribution
- + Scope and relevance of regulation of commercial distribution
- Table 7.1. Estimated cost of barriers to entry in retailing in Italy
- Table 7.2. Market share of the first 5 grocery retailers in Italy, France, Germany, Spain and the UK, 2007
- + Table 7.3. Grocery retailing: Market share of private labels in Italy, France, Germany, Spain and the UK, 2007
- + Regulation of commercial distribution in Italy
- + Table 7.4. Law 426/1971 and Legislative Decree 114/1998
- Regional regulations after the constitutional reform of 2001: A cross regional comparison
- + Table 7.5. Regional regulation of commercial distribution: Restrictions to competition
- Table 7.6. Liberalisation and modernisation of the distributive systems of Italian Regions
- + Regulation of specific retail sectors
- Table 7.7. OTC corners opened in hypermarkets in Italy as of April 2008
- + Table 7.8. Discounts on OTC products after the price liberalisation
- Table 7.9. Petrol stations in Italy and in the other main European countries, end 2005
- State, regions, municipalities: The vertical structure of regulations
- + Conclusions
- Notes
- Bibliography
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Chapter 8. Local Transport
- Introduction
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General structure of the regulatory framework for local transport
- Table 8.1. Road/rail ratio
- Table 8.2. Market share of the top five bus companies
- + Table 8.3. Performance indicators of the local bus industry
- + Regulatory framework for local transport in a set of Italian regions within a national context
- Table 8.4. Competitive bidding procedure at regional level (2005)
- Table 8.5. Competitive bidding procedures in municipalities’ chief town
- + Improving service quality through quality regulation
- Ensuring transparency and consistency in the regulatory framework through consultation and impact assessment
- Integrated transport systems and co-ordination of horizontal services
- Italian taxi reform of 2006
- Conclusions
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Policy options
- The institution of an independent national authority for transport
- To modernise the method of setting local public transport revenues and financing
- To strengthen co-ordinated decision making between infrastructures and services
- Avoiding any interpretation of European or national regulation which could obstruct transport liberalisation or modernisation at local level
- To strengthen the exchange of information between different levels of government
- Competition “in” the market and competition “for” the market
- To strengthen the use of regulatory quality instruments and improve the services’ accessibility
- To encourage the use of instruments towards higher quality regulations
- Further liberalise taxi services
- Notes
- Bibliography
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Chapter 9. Energy
- + Introduction
- + The effect of liberalisation in the electricity sector
- + Table 9.1. Requests for authorisation for new transmission lines above 150 kV
- Table 9.2. Electricity prices for Households and industrial consumers. Italy and average EU15
- Table 9.3. Zonal and National prices (PUN), 2007
- + Table 9.4. HHI index in each macro zone, 2007
- Table 9.5. New proposed plants (gross capacity)
- + Table 9.6. Authorised plants under construction
- Table 9.7. New electricity distributors per region
- + Table 9.8. Electric energy distribution, per distributor
- + The effect of liberalisation in the natural gas sector
- + Table 9.9. Investment in LNG re-gasifiers.
- Table 9.10. Ownership of NG distribution networks per region
- Table 9.11. Concessions for natural gas distribution per region: Selection process
- The regulation of quality in the energy sector
- Levels of government and Regional Energy Plans27
- Table 9.12. Distribution of competences about authorisations across government levels and energy sectors
- + Table A. Limits for simplified authorisation of renewable energy plants
- Table 9.13. Net deficit or surplus of electric energy production compared with regional demand, 2007
- Table 9.14. Regional energy plans
- The role of local public service companies in the energy market
- Table 9.15. Energy local public utilities: Data summary
- Table 9.16. A2A data
- Conclusions
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Policy options
- Adopt a regulatory structure that reduces risks and investment costs
- Speed up the adoption of required regulation and norms
- Adopt market-based regulation in all parts of the energy sectors
- Enhance technological and geographical diversification of energy inputs and imports
- Reduce conflicts of interest
- Notes
- Bibliography
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Chapter 5. Key Issues
This review presents a general picture of the overall regulatory reform frameworks in Italy, examining quality regulation, competition policy and professional services. The review also offers a special focus on multi-level governance, where key issues include local public services, commercial distribution, local transport and energy. The review finds that Italy has made significant progress using regulatory reform since the first OECD review in 2001. Administrative simplification and the increasing role of competition policy, combined with devolution of state powers to regions, have helped. But there are still key challenges for regulatory policy and its implementation, including enforcement, capacity in the civil service, impact analysis for evidence-based decision-making, and building a culture of consultation. The current global economic crisis is an opportunity for Italy to further clarify how the state intervenes in the economy, to improve multi-level co-ordination, and to expand competition in specific sectors.
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Book Details
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Categories
Political Science > Political Process > General
Publishers
Publication year : 2010
License: All rights reserved ©
Times read: 353
