Website Optimization Read
  • Publishing house: O'Reilly Media
  • Author: Andrew B. King
  • E-Book ISBN: 9780596155216
  • Print ISBN: 9780596515089
  • Publication year: 2008
  • Pages: 396
  • Print run: 1
Andrew B. King

Website Optimization

Remember when an optimized website was one that merely didn't take all day to appear? Times have changed. Today, website optimization can spell the difference between enterprise success and failure, and it takes a lot more know-how to achieve success. This book is a comprehensive guide to the tips, techniques, secrets, standards, and methods of website optimization. From increasing site traffic to maximizing leads, from revving up responsiveness to increasing navigability, from prospect retention to closing more sales, the world of 21st century website optimization is explored, exemplified and explained. Website Optimization combines the disciplines of online marketing and site performance tuning to attain the competitive advantage necessary on today's Web. You'll learn how to improve your online marketing with effective paid and natural search engine visibility strategies, strengthened lead creation and conversion to sales methods, and gold-standard ad copywriting guidelines. Plus, your increased site speed, reduced download footprint, improved reliability, and improved navigability will work synergistically with those marketing methods to optimize your site's total effectiveness. In this book for business and IT managers, author Andrew King, president of Website Optimization, LLC, has assembled experts in several key specialties to teach you: Search engine optimization -- addressing best (and worst) practices to improve search engine visibility, including step-by-step keyword optimization guidelines, category and tag cloud creation, and guerilla PR techniques to boost inbound links and improve rankings Pay-per-click optimization -- including ad copywriting guidelines, setting profit-driven goals, calculating and optimizing bids, landing page optimization, and campaign management tips Optimizing conversion rates -- increasing leads with site landing page guidelines, such as benefit-oriented copy, credibility-based design, value hierarchies, and tips on creating unique selling propositions and slogans Web performance tuning -- optimizing ways to use (X)HTML, CSS, and Ajax to increase speed, reduce your download footprint, and increase reliability Advanced tuning -- including client-side techniques such as on-demand content, progressive enhancement, and inline images to save HTTP requests. Plus server- side tips include improving parallelism, using cache control, browser sniffing, HTTP compression, and URL rewriting to remap links and preserve traffic Web metrics -- illustrating the best metrics and tools to gather details about visitors and measure web conversion and success rates. Covering both search marketing metrics and web performance measures including Pathloss and waterfall graphs Website Optimization not only provides you with a strategy for success, it also offers specific techniques for you and your staff to follow. A profitable website needs to be well designed, current, highly responsive, and optimally persuasive if you're to attract prospects, convert them to buyers, and get them to come back for more. This book describes precisely what you need to accomplish to achieve all of those goals.

Table of contents

9
Table of Contents
13
Foreword
17
Preface
18
Who Should Read This Book
18
Web Marketers
18
Web Developers
19
Managers
19
How This Book Is Organized
19
Part I
20
Part II
21
Chapter 10
22
Conventions Used in This Book
22
Using Code Examples
23
How to Contact Us
23
Safari® Books Online
24
Credits
25
Acknowledgments
27
Part I
27
Search Behavior
27
SERP Viewing Statistics
28
Click Patterns: Higher Is Better
29
Prune Your Prose
29
Let the Optimization Begin
31
Natural Search Engine Optimization
31
The Benefits of SEO
33
Core SEO Techniques
33
Common SEO Barriers
33
Inadequate inbound links
33
Drowning in splash pages
34
Flash fires
35
Unprofessional design
36
Obscure navigation
36
Duplicate content
37
Ten Steps to Higher Search Engine Rankings
37
Best Practices
37
Deploy keywords strategically
37
Reinforce the theme of your site
38
Optimize key content
38
Optimize on-site links
38
Make it linkworthy
39
Acquire inbound links
39
Step 1: Determine Your Keyword Phrases
39
Tools for keyword research
41
Find your primary keyphrase
42
Step 2: Sort by Popularity
44
Step 3: Refine Keyword Phrases and Re-Sort
44
Right-size your keyphrases
47
Target multiple keyphrases
47
Step 4: Write a Title Using the Top Two or Three Phrases
47
Keywords trump company name (usually)
48
An experiment in stuffing
49
Step 5: Write a Description Meta Tag
49
Step 6: Write a Keywords Meta Tag
50
Step 7: Make Search-Friendly Headlines
50
Write headlines that pop
51
Keyphrase headlines early
51
Step 8: Add Keywords Tactically
52
Keyphrase anchor text
52
Buy keyphrased domain names
53
Step 9: Create Valuable Keyword-Focused Content
54
Sharpen your keyword-focused content
54
Create search-friendly URIs
55
Write compelling summaries
56
Automatically categorize with blogs
58
Create tag clouds
60
Deploy strange attractors
61
Step 10: Build Inbound Links with Online Promotion
62
Leverage higher-ranking pages
63
Don’t dilute your PageRank
63
Employ social networking and user-generated content
64
Be leery of link exchange voodoo
64
Pay for links
64
Hurl harmful outlinks
65
Reduce risky redirects
67
Measuring inbound links
67
Summary
70
SEO Case Study: PhillyDentistry.com
70
Original Site
73
Few Indexable Keywords
73
First Redesign: Mid-2004
74
Search Engine Optimization
75
Conversion Rate Optimization
76
Results
76
Second Redesign: Late 2007
79
Let Keywords Do the Work
79
Results
80
Summary
81
Pay-per-Click Optimization
82
Pay-per-Click Basics and Definitions
83
The Pay-per-Click Work Cycle
83
Common Problems with Pay-per-Click Optimization
84
Google, Yahoo!, Microsoft, and Everybody Else
84
Differences in Bulk Editing: Uploading Spreadsheets Versus the AdWords Editor
85
Differences in Geotargeting
87
Differences in Minimum Bids and Quality Scoring
88
Summary of the Differences Among AdWords, adCenter, and YSM
88
Goal Setting, Measurement, Analytics Support, and Closing the Loop
88
Calculating Return on Investment
88
Goals and Values
89
Tracking and Metrics
89
Closing the Loop
90
Targeting and qualifying visitors
90
Qualifying visitors who are late in the sales cycle
90
Relevant landing pages
90
Closing the loop offline
91
Using Metrics to Set a Budget
92
Return on Investment and Profit
92
Pay-per-Click Return on Investment and Goals Summary
92
Keyword Discovery, Selection, and Analysis
93
Keyword Research
93
Step 1: Look through your site and identify major themes
93
Step 2: Research the competition for your root terms
93
Step 3: Use a keyword research tool to generate variations from your list of root terms
94
Step 4: Choose the right keyword set
95
The Right Keywords and the Myth of the Long Tail
95
Target part and model numbers
95
Broad matches versus direct bidding
97
Organizing and Optimizing Ad Groups
98
Guidelines for Grouping
98
Example Themed Ad Groups
100
Optimizing Ad Groups After Launch
100
Optimizing Pay-per-Click Ads
101
Measuring Ad Performance
102
Optimizing Ad Copy
102
Creating ad copy variation
103
Testing ads the easy way: AdWords optimized ad serving
103
Testing ads the hard way: Confidence interval testing
106
Dynamic Keyword Insertion in Ads
107
Pay-per-Click Ad Optimization Summary
107
Optimizing Landing Pages
107
Landing Pages for AdWords
108
Landing Pages for Visitors
109
Complete conversions with clear calls to action
110
Use persuasive copy
110
Support the ad claims that triggered the visitor’s click
110
Include multiple conversion points for different stages of the buying cycle
110
Display large images of products or services
110
Forgo navigation menus
111
Testing Landing Pages
112
Optimizing Bids
112
Penalties for New Accounts
113
Initial Bid Strategies
113
Bid Gaps
116
Adjusting Bids
118
Automated Bidding
118
The Big Picture
118
Branding
118
Bid Optimization in Action: The E-Grooming Book Example
121
Other Pay-per-Click Issues
121
The Content Network
123
Click Fraud
124
Trademark Issues
124
How do I stop advertisers from bidding on my trademark?
125
Can I bid on competitor trademarks?
125
Should I bid on my own trademark or company name?
126
Summary
129
PPC Case Study: BodyGlove.com
129
Body Glove PPC Optimization
129
Market Analysis
131
Campaign Creation and Kickoff
132
Initial Outcome and Improvements
133
Dramatic Results
136
Summary
137
Conversion Rate Optimization
137
The Benefits of CRO
138
Best Practices for CRO
139
Source Credibility: Designing Gut Reactions
139
The Psychology of Persuasion
140
The six persuaders
142
Building trust to close the sale
144
Top 10 Factors to Maximize Conversion Rates
144
Factor #1: Use a Credibility-Based Professional Design
145
Factor #2: Make Website Navigation Easy
145
Factor #3: Optimize the Credibility of Your Logo
147
Factor #4: Write a Memorable Slogan
148
Factor #5: Use Benefit-Oriented Headlines
148
Optimum link length
148
Factor #6: Give Important Content the Best Placement
149
Factor #7: Include Appealing Offers and Calls to Action
150
Factor #8: Deploy Persuasive, Benefit-Oriented Content
150
Factor #9: Use Illustrative Product and Service Images—The “Hero Shot”
152
Factor #10: Use Interactive Elements to Engage Users
153
Staging Your CRO Campaign
154
Discovery
154
Discovering personas
156
The Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
158
Planning
158
Step 1: Create the redesign plan: planning your site architecture
159
Step 2: Plan your website design and color scheme
160
Optimization
161
Optimize with persuasive copywriting
166
Put it on paper and build graphical mockups
169
Optimize your conversion paths to get the click
171
Test Everything
171
Summary
173
Part II
173
The Psychology of Website Performance
174
The Effects of Slow Download Times
174
Speed and Flow
175
Fast First Impressions
175
Growth of the Average Web Page
176
Object Overhead Dominates Web Page Delay
177
Response Time Guidelines
179
Summary and Next Steps
181
Web Page Optimization
182
Common Web Page Problems
182
Oust Oodles of Objects
183
Untangle Tables
183
Optimize Overweight Graphics
184
The cost of banner advertising
184
The Growth of Multimedia
186
How to Optimize Your Web Page Speed
186
Switch to Semantic Markup
188
Use container cells for descendant selectors
189
Step 1: Minimize HTTP Requests
189
Convert graphical text to styled text
190
Convert spacer cells to CSS margins or padding
190
Combine remaining images and map or sprite
191
Combine and optimize CSS and JavaScript files
192
Eliminate (i)frames and JavaScript includes
193
Step 2: Resize and Optimize Images
195
Step 3: Optimize Multimedia
196
Optimizing videos for the Web
202
Flash optimization tips
203
Step 4: Convert JavaScript Behavior to CSS
203
Step 5: Use Server-Side Sniffing
203
Sniffing with BrowserHawk
205
XSSI browser sniffing
206
Step 6: Optimize JavaScript for Execution Speed and File Size
206
Step 7: Convert Table Layout to CSS Layout
207
CSS page layout
208
Step 8: Replace Inline Style with CSS Rules
208
Step 9: Minimize Initial Display Time
210
Step 10: Load JavaScript Wisely
210
The perils of third-party widgets
211
Summary
212
CSS Optimization
212
Build on a CSS Architecture
213
Use a Reset Stylesheet
215
Top 10 Tips for Optimizing CSS
215
Tip #1: Replace Inline Style with Type Selectors
216
Tip #2: Use Descendant Selectors
217
Tip #3: Group Selectors with Common Declarations
217
Tip #4: Group Declarations with Common Selectors
218
Tip #5: Combine Common Styles into Shared Classes
219
Tip #6: Use Inheritance to Eliminate Duplicate Declarations
220
Tip #7: Use CSS Shorthand
220
Using shorthand colors
220
Shorthand properties
225
Tip #8: Abbreviate Long Class and ID Names
226
Using semantically meaningful names
226
Comments in CSS
227
Tip #9: Use CSS2 and CSS3.x Techniques
228
Tip #10: Replace JavaScript Behavior with CSS Techniques
229
CSS buttons
230
CSS rollovers
230
Mono-image menu rollovers
232
CSS sprites
234
List-based menus
240
Summary
242
Ajax Optimization
243
Common Problems with Ajax
244
Ajax: New and Improved JavaScript Communications
244
Proper Application of Ajax
248
Rolling Your Own Ajax Solution
248
Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Communication
249
An Illustrative Example
251
Prelude to Ajax optimizations
252
Relying on Ajax Libraries
255
Evaluating an Ajax Library
256
JavaScript Optimization
256
Remove JavaScript Comments
256
Conditional comments
257
Reduce Whitespace Carefully
257
Use JavaScript Shorthand
258
Use String Constant Macros
259
Avoid Optional Constructs and Kill Dead Code Fast
259
Shorten User-Defined Variables and Function Names
260
Remap Built-in Objects
261
Inline Localized Functions
262
Assume Default Values
262
Every Byte Counts
263
Bundle Your Scripts
265
Lazy-Load Your Code
265
Pace Yourself
265
Monitor User Rendering Time
266
Practice Error Awareness
267
Clean Up After Yourself
267
Memory leaks and garbage collection in Internet Explorer
268
Go Native
268
Clock Your Runtime
269
Minimizing HTTP Requests
271
Choosing Data Formats Wisely
272
Consider Ajah
274
Addressing the Caching Quandary of Ajax
274
Method 1: Output No Caching Headers on the Server Side
274
Method 2: Make Requests with Unique URIs
275
Method 3: Make Requests with an Old If-Modified-Since Header
275
Create Your Own Cache
276
Addressing Network Robustness
276
Timeouts, Retries, and Ordering
277
Retrying after a timeout
278
Out-of-order responses
278
Addressing Server and Content Error
279
Polling Carefully
280
The problem with polling
280
Understanding the Ajax Architecture Effect
281
The Location Hash Technique
282
Summary
283
Advanced Web Performance Optimization
283
Server-Side Optimization Techniques
283
Optimizing Parallel Downloads
286
Reduce DNS lookups
286
Caching Frequently Used Objects
288
Three ways to cache in
290
A specific caching example
291
Target files by extension for caching
294
Using mod_cache
297
Using HTTP Compression
298
Compressing content in Apache
302
Average compression ratios for HTTP compression
304
Delta encoding (delta compression)
305
The Benefits of a Content Delivery Network
307
Rewriting URIs with mod_rewrite
307
How mod_rewrite works
308
Client-Side Performance Techniques
309
Delay Script Loading
309
Use progressive enhancement
315
Load JavaScript on demand (remote procedure calls)
316
Use an iframe for external JavaScript
317
Cache Off-Site Files on the Server and Load Locally
317
Example RSS cache
318
JavaScript Optimization and Packing
319
Extreme optimization not advised
319
Inline Images with Data URIs
320
Disadvantages of inline images
320
CSS and inline images
322
Summary
323
Website Optimization Metrics
324
Website Success Metrics
327
Popular Web Metrics
327
Measuring SEM success
328
Types of Web Analytics Software
328
Web Server Log Analysis
330
JavaScript Page Tagging
331
Multivariate testing with Google Website Optimizer
332
Hybrid Analytics Systems
333
User Experience Testing Software
336
Search Engine Marketing Metrics
336
Search Marketing Strategy
336
Optimal paths
336
Classes of Metrics
337
Volume
337
Content
337
Objectives
337
Means
338
Volume Metrics
338
Page views
338
Visits or sessions
338
Unique visitors
339
New visitors
340
Repeat visitors
340
Instances
340
Content Metrics: Measuring Each Component
341
Entries
341
Single-access visits
341
Bounce rate (and simple engagement)
343
Revenue per visit(or)
343
Page attrition
343
PathWeight and ProxyScoring
343
Primary content consumption
344
PathLoss
344
Exit rate (or page exit ratio)
345
Objectives
345
Understanding objectives
346
Ad clicks
346
Goal pages
346
Comments
346
Orders
346
Sign-ups
346
Cart additions
347
Conversion
347
Measuring the Means
348
CPC: Cost per click
348
CTR: Click-through rate
348
ROAS: Return on ad spend
348
ROI: Return on investment
349
Success Metrics = Reaching Goals
349
Web Performance Metrics
350
Keeping Score
350
Speed checklist
352
Request statistics
354
Load times
355
Scorecard tips
355
Designing a Sample Test
355
Find your audience
355
Clear cache and cookies
357
Flush DNS
357
Simulate connection speeds
358
It’s Measuring Time
358
IBM Page Detailer
359
Under the hood: Waterfall reports
360
Firebug: A simple alternative
361
AOL Pagetest
364
Speed Up Your Site
365
Enhance Firebug with YSlow
366
Reporting the Numbers
368
A movie is worth a thousand scorecards
370
Start render
370
Useful content display
370
Graphics loaded
371
Ads loaded
371
Commercial Monitoring Tools
372
Overlooked Web Performance Issues
373
Summary
375
Index