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Competitiveness and Private Sector Development: Ukraine 2011
Sector Competitiveness Strategy
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- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Table of Contents
- Acronyms and abbreviations
- Executive summary
- Introduction
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Part I. Methodology
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Chapter 1. Approach and methodology
- + The definition of competitiveness
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Identifying sectors for intervention
- + Sector identification: The Sector Prioritisation Framework
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The Sector Performance Review: An in-depth analysis of the selected sectors
- Figure 1.5. Agribusiness example: Comparison of production costs for wheat (USD per metric tonne), 2009
- Figure 1.6. Civilian aircraft industry example: Areas for potential FDI along the supply-chain
- Table 1.1. Sample size of the survey questionnaire
- Figure 1.7. Dairy sub-sector example: Difficult access to finance is partly due to the weak links between farmers and processors
- + A prioritisation framework to select policy recommendations for the implementation phase
- Notes
- Bibliography
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Chapter 1. Approach and methodology
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Part II. Economic overview and findingsof the Investment Policy Reviewof Ukraine
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Chapter 2. Economic overview
- + A country with abundant natural resources and a well qualified labour force
- + After struggling immediately following independence, the Ukrainian economy enjoyed a period of robust growth
- + The global financial crisis highlighted existing weaknesses
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Economic activity relied mainly on agriculture and highly energy intensive industries
- Figure 2.5. The share of services in GDP has expanded since independence
- Figure 2.6. The current account deficit has widened
- Figure 2.7. The evolution of real GDP has been closely linked with steel prices
- Structural reform priorities need to improve the business climate, consolidate the financial sector and deepen the labour force’s skill set
- A sector-specific approach to investment promotion
- Notes
- Bibliography
- + Chapter 3. 2011 OECD Investment Policy Review of Ukraine – Key findings
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Chapter 2. Economic overview
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Part III. Sector-specific analysis
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Chapter 4. Agribusiness
- Summary
- + Sector definition and segmentation
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Global trends
- + World demand growth will be driven by emerging economies
- + World agricultural production growth should be driven by emerging economies as well
- + Emerging economies are beginning to resemble OECD countries in their food purchasing patterns
- + Higher prices in real terms are expected, strongly influenced by dynamic global food demand
- + Increasing requirements for food safety and standards to access developed country markets
- + The role of foreign investors along the agribusiness value-chain
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Ukraine agribusiness sector at a glance
- + Agriculture plays a significant role in the economy
- Agriculture is still recovering from the transition years
- The food-processing industry is developing rapidly
- + Agricultural productivity needs to be improved and stabilised
- Dominance of household plots results in a lack of large-scale investment
- + WTO membership provides an incentive to improve quality
- Improvements are needed in the field of land ownership, quality standards, access to finance and human capital
- Public private consultations and dialogue could accelerate the reform process
- + Why focus on the grain and dairy sub-sectors
- + Stakeholder consultations
- Bibliography
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Chapter 5. Focus on the grain value chain
- Summary
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Sub-sector definition and segmentation
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Global trends
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Sources of competitiveness
- + The role of foreign investors in the grain value chain
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Key issues and policy barriers
- + Lack of access to finance results in low input use and insufficient capital investment
- Non-completion of land reform and moratorium on land transactions
- + Quality standards are still an important issue
- + Transportation and storage infrastructures are still a bottleneck and increase costs
- + State regulation of grain trade flows is detrimental to private investment
- Support measures distort production and trade
- + Policy recommendations
- Notes
- Bibliography
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Chapter 6. Focus on the dairy value chain
- Summary
- + Sub-sector definition and segmentation
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Global trends
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Sources of competitiveness
- + A highly fragmented production segment which involves households and small farmers
- Cost-competitiveness of raw milk production
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Access to fast-growing markets, high domestic demand and advantageous geographic position
- Figure 6.9. Cost of milk production in selected countries, US dollars per 100 kg, 2007
- Figure 6.10. Domestic demand for processed dairy products is expected to increase by 30% over the coming decade
- Figure 6.11. The Ukrainian dairy industry exports significant volumes of its production
- Figure 6.12. CIS countries and Middle-East already key importers of Ukrainian dairy products
- + The role of foreign investors in the dairy sector
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Key issues and policy barriers
- + Shortages of human capital
- + Outdated and excessive dairy safety regulation is ineffective and burdensome
- + Milk quality standards: design and enforcement
- + Fragmentation in raw milk production has a negative impact on quality, efficiency and productivity
- + Lack of financing affects the level of investments and therefore productivity
- Imperfect information and price heterogeneity affect farmers’ profitability
- Taxation of inputs via tariff and non-tariff import barriers
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Policy recommendations
- Bibliography
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Chapter 7. Energy-efficiency and renewable technologies: Focus on production of energy based on biomass
- Summary
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Why focus on production of energy based on biomass
- The need for energy efficiency
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Traditional energy production, transmission and distribution activities are still dominated by state ownership
- Figure 7.1. Energy intensity, a cross country comparison
- Figure 7.2. Opportunities to reduce energy-intensity and to develop alternative sources of energy along the value chain
- Figure 7.3. Naftogaz (100% owned by the state) dominates the gas-value-chain in Ukraine
- Figure 7.4. State-owned Naftogaz dominates exploration and production, as well as the main oil pipelines
- Table 7.1. The distribution of Ukraine’s coal mines
- Figure 7.5. State and private ownership of power transmission and distribution assets until mid-2011
- Alternative sources were selected with a focus on production of energy based on biomass
- + Sector definition and segmentation
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Global trends
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Sources of competitiveness
- + Biomass resources are widely available in Ukraine
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Biomass residue use is cost competitive for production of heat and power
- Figure 7.10. Economic potential of biomass sources in 2008, breakdown by type of agricultural residue, millions of tonnes of coal equivalent
- Box 7.2. Assessing the biomass potential of a country: From “theoretical” to “economic” potential
- Figure 7.11. Production costs of heat by straw-based boilers are lower than by gas-fired boilers
- Figure 7.12. Operating costs and profits of a hot water boiler based on wood biomass for supply of a middle-size city, thousands EUR
- Figure 7.13. Net cash-flow plan in the five first years of the project, thousands EUR
- + Increasing prices of natural gas in Ukraine should make biomass an even more attractive fuel to utilities
- + The role of foreign investors in the biomass value chain
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Key issues and policy barriers
- + Regulatory framework and administrative complexity limit access to utilities companies
- + Biomass sector is not promoted enough as an area for foreign investment
- + Power and heat payment arrears
- Natural gas, heat and electrical power prices are still subsidised
- State ownership of power and heat production assets
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Policy recommendations
- Streamline administrative processes, including a single-window approach and pre-approval for green tariffs
- Align energy costs to market prices, as promised to the IMF
- + Draft a national action plan for the production of energy from biomass, including demonstration projects and possible green tariffs for heating
- + Increase privatisations of energy production and distribution assets to trigger private investment in infrastructures
- Review of payment mechanisms and market regulation institutions
- Solve existing payment arrears
- Bibliography
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Chapter 8. Machinery and transport equipment: Focus on civilian aircraft manufacturing
- Summary
- + Why focus on civilian aircraft manufacturing
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Sector definition and segmentation
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Global trends
- + Demand forecasts over the coming two decades are promising on every segment
- + Demand is shifting to the Asia Pacific region and will be geographically more diversified
- + Competition is expected to intensify as new players are entering the market
- Minimizing purchase price, operating costs and financial costs
- + The supply chain is going global
- + Aircraft purchases are still influenced by political and strategic factors
- + Sources of competitiveness
- + The role of foreign investors in the civilian aircraft value chain
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Key issues and policy barriers
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Policy recommendations
- Bibliography
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Conclusion and roadmap for implementation phase
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Chapter 4. Agribusiness
This review of competitiveness and private sector development in the Ukraine provides a solid base for policy analysis and gives recommendations with immediate relevance and applicability. It includes diagnosis and policy actions for policy makers and advisors, offering policy responses to underpin economic diversification, enhanced competitiveness and private sector development. Finally, the book applies an innovative framework to identify barriers that hinder the development of selected sectors. It offers the design and suggests ways to implement specific policies to remove those barriers, including the selection and business analysis of Ukraine's most attractive sectors in terms of competitiveness and FDI appeal.
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Book Details
Authors
Categories
Business & Economics > Economic Conditions
Publishers
Publication year : 2012
License: All rights reserved ©
Times read: 67
