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OECD Economic Surveys: Poland 2012
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- Table of contents
- Basic statistics of Poland, 2010
- Executive summary
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Assessment and recommendations
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Towards a soft landing?
- + A star growth performer within the OECD
- The economy is likely to slow down
- There are significant downside risks for the economic outlook
- + The sizeable current account deficit has been increasingly financed by potentially unstable inflows
- + The financial system seems sound
- Currency mismatches raise specific concerns
- + High unemployment is weighing on wage gains
- + The macroeconomic policy mix is appropriate in the baseline scenario
- The fiscal framework should be strengthened and made more transparent
- + There are many possible avenues for further fiscal consolidation in the medium term
- + Structural reforms can boost economic performance
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Improving the health-care system
- + Health outcomes are relatively weak, related spending low and the budget constraint tight
- Growing health-related needs will exert manageable strains on public finances
- Access to care is inequitably restricted
- + Waiting times should be shortened…
- … and out-of-pocket payments reduced, at least for the those on low incomes
- Allocation of resources to hospitals should be streamlined and management skills strengthened
- A broad strategy for long-term care is needed
- + Human resources should be used more efficiently and expanded
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Climate-change policies: minimising the costs of GHG emissions reduction
- + Economic transformation-related cuts in GHG emissions followed by relative stability
- + Poland’s GHG emissions-reduction potential is substantial
- + Minimising the costs of emissions reduction requires a single carbon price
- Minimising abatement costs also calls for boosting the response to the EU-ETS carbon-price signal
- A better integration of the Polish electricity market with neighbouring markets would also help
- + The cost-efficiency advantage of uniform support to renewables via green certificates should be retained
- Energy-efficiency policies should focus on market failures that cause low carbon-price responsiveness
- Any framework with a strong response to the carbon price signal will cut reliance on coal substantially
- Energy prices should include the full cost of nuclear energy, and environmental risks related to the extraction of natural gas from shale formations should be closely monitored
- + Towards a more efficient organisation of the transport sector
- Bibliography
- Annex: Progress in structural reform
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Towards a soft landing?
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Chapter 1. Improving the health-care system
- Figure 1.1. Long-term trends in health expenditure
- Figure 1.2. Health expenditures are modest but consistent with Poland’s economic development level
- Box 1.1. Public intervention in health care
- + Structure of the health-care system
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Aggregate health outcomes are broadly consistent with the country’s level of development
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Addressing the substantial limitations in access to care
- + Poor self-assessed quality of care…
- + ... and large persistent inequalities
- + Long waiting times tend to reflect inefficiencies
- Long waiting times encourage informal payments and other queue-jumping mechanisms
- + Limiting out-of-pocket payments and ensuring greater affordability of pharmaceuticals
- + Carefully designing private health insurance
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Health-related fiscal issues are important but manageable
- Box 1.2. Determinants of the increase in spending on health and long-term care
- Figure 1.17. Poland’s population will age rapidly
- Table 1.6. Projected increases in public health and long-term care spending by main source, 2005-50
- Figure 1.18. Public expenditure on health care across OECD countries, 2009
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Improving hospital efficiency
- Figure 1.19. Consistency in responsibility assignment across levels of government, 2008-09
- Table 1.7. Hospital resources
- Providing clear incentives to rationalise hospitals’ use of financial resources
- Corporatisation might generate efficiency gains
- Improving managerial competencies and coordination
- Evaluating the DRG system to ensure a more effective implementation
- + Improving the career prospects of medical staff and reforming generalists’ remuneration
- + Designing a comprehensive long-term care system
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Appendix 1.A1. Health performance
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Chapter 2. Climate change policies in Poland – minimising abatement costs
- + A large GHG-emissions reduction due to economic transformation followed by relative stability
- + Poland’s large emissions-reduction potential should be realised at least cost via a single carbon price
- + But explicit and implicit carbon prices vary widely in Poland
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Raising the responsiveness to the EU-ETS carbon price signal in order to minimise abatement costs
- Reducing public ownership while ensuring competition in electricity generation
- + Ownership of electricity generation should be unbundled from distribution
- The role of the organised wholesale electricity market (power exchange) should be enhanced
- + The Polish electricity market should be better integrated with neighbouring markets
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A cost-efficient support scheme for renewables in electricity generation is desirable in the long run
- + Maintaining equal abatement costs for different technologies is crucial to minimise total abatement costs
- The timeframe of the support scheme should be expanded
- + Measures on top of the quota system should be kept consistent with least-cost abatement
- The sustainability criteria for biomass firing needs to be strengthened
- + Administrative barriers for wind energy should be reduced
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Electricity mix within the EU-ETS and the scope for direct government intervention
- Figure 2.9. Primary energy demand and net electricity generation in 2006 and 2030, by type of energy
- + Abatement scenarios
- Poland’s promising shale gas potential needs to be carefully developed to avoid local pollution
- Special attention is warranted for nuclear waste management
- Smoothing peak electricity demand
- + The role of renewable sources outside electricity production
- + Improving energy-efficiency policies
- + Towards a more efficient organisation of the transport sector
- Notes
- Bibliography
- + Appendix 2.A1
Special features: Climate change, Health care
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Business & Economics > Economic Conditions
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Publication year : 2012
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