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Competitive Cities in the Global Economy
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- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
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Part I. Competitive Cities in the Global Economy: Horizontal Synthesis Report
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Executive Summary
- Dilemma I. Positive or negative spillovers?
- Dilemma II. Which public strategic vision in a market context?
- Dilemma III. Economic dynamism or liveable city?
- Dilemma IV. Appropriate scale or closeness to citizens?
- Dilemma V. Metro-regions versus central/state government?
- Dilemma VI. Participation of private sector actors in metro-regions’ governance?
- Dilemma VII. Unequal burdens or distorting subsidies?
- Summing up: rethinking national urban strategies
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Chapter 1. The Emerging Role of Metropolitan Regions
- 1.1. Introduction
- + 1.2. Defining metropolitan areas
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1.3. Urbanisation trends
- Figure 1.4. Worldwide population projections (1950-2030)
- Table 1.1. Metropolitan database
- Figure 1.5. Population growth according to the types of regions (1990-2000)
- Figure 1.6. Urbanisation growth in OECD countries
- Figure 1.7. Distribution of the total population among types of regions (1990 and 2000)
- Figure 1.8. Ranking of metro-regions by population size
- + 1.4. Performance of OECD metropolitan regions
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1.5. City size and income
- Figure 1.12. Correlation between population size and income in OECD metro-regions
- Figure 1.13. Correlation between population size and income in metro-regions with fewer than 10 million inhabitants
- Figure 1.14. Relations between population and income in metro-regions of over 6 million people
- Figure 1.15. Capital cities and income
- Box 1.3. Main advantages of capital cities
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1.6. Factors of competitiveness
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1.7. Cities as engines of national economic growth?
- Figure 1.19. Differences in per capita GDP of metro-regions and their national level (2002)
- Figure 1.20. Relation between national and metropolitan growth rates
- Figure 1.21. Economic growth at the national and metro-regions levels
- Figure 1.22. Productivity differences between the metro-regions and their national level (2002)
- Figure 1.23. Productivity growth differentials between metro-regions and their national level
- Figure 1.24. Employment differences between the metro-regions and their national level (2002)
- Figure 1.25. Employment growth rates in metro-regions and their countries
- Figure 1.26. Employment growth by type of regions (1996-2001)
- Figure 1.27. Old-age dependency in metro-regions with respect to the national dependency level (2004)
- Figure 1.28. Changes in old-age dependency 1998-2004
- Figure 1.29. Skills in metro-regions and their national average (2001)
- + 1.8. The urban paradox
- 1.9. The dilemmas for metropolitan regions
- Notes
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Chapter 2. Competitiveness, Liveability and Strategic Vision
- 2.1. Introduction
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2.2. Dilemma I: positive or negative spillovers?
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2.3. Dilemma II: public strategic vision in a market context?
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2.3.1. Why a strategic vision?
- Table 2.1. Wage levels of US metropolitan traded clusters (2002)
- Table 2.2. Examples of industry cluster policies in metropolitan regions
- Box 2.3. Examples of different metropolitan cluster approaches
- Box 2.4. Methodology for identifying clusters in Seoul and Melbourne
- Box 2.5. Metadistricts to strengthen the SME growth in Milan and the Lombardy region
- Box 2.6. Examples of industrial liaison programmes in OECD countries
- Box 2.7. Co-operation among higher education institutions in Öresund and Melbourne
- Box 2.8. Making higher education institutions more attractive to international students and researchers: the example of Australia and Finland
- Figure 2.1. Finnish (Helsinki Region) Centre of Expertise Programme
- Box 2.9. A well-functioning triple helix model: the example of the Helsinki Culminatum Ltd.
- Box 2.10. Competitiveness councils
- Box 2.11. Upgrading clothing and textile industry in Seoul
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2.3.1. Why a strategic vision?
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2.4. Dilemma III: Economic dynamism or liveable city?
- Notes
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Chapter 3. The Governance of Metro-regions
- 3.1. Introduction
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3.2. Dilemma IV: Appropriate scale or closeness to citizens?
- + 3.2.1. Challenges and rationale for horizontal collaboration
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3.2.2. Main trends in horizontal co-operation within metropolitan regions
- Table 3.2. Case of metropolitan regions represented by a local/regional government
- Box 3.1. Metropolitan governmental authorities: the Stuttgart Regional Association, the Greater London Authority and Metro Portland
- Box 3.2. Examples of multi-purpose inter-municipal bodies in Canada (Montreal and Vancouver) and in France
- Box 3.3. Association of the Lyon Urban Region (LUR)
- Box 3.4. Soft governance in polycentric metro areas: Regio Randstad and Rhine-Ruhr
- Box 3.5. The Toronto Economic Development Strategy
- Table 3.3. Examples of cross-border regions
- Figure 3.1. Geographical position of selected cross-border regions
- Figure 3.2. Systems of metropolitan governance across borders
- Box 3.6. Cross-border regions: governance by mono-thematic commissions
- Box 3.7. Cross-border regions: governance by babushka
- Box 3.8. Cross-border regions: governance by a catch-all institution
- + 3.2.3. Tentative evaluation: pros and cons of the different models
- 3.2.4. Summary: dilemma IV
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3.3. Dilemma V: Metro-regions versus central/state government?
- + 3.4. Dilemma VI: Participation of private sector actors in public governance?
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3.5. Dilemma VII: Unequal burdens or distorting subsidies?
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3.5.1. Functions and responsibilities of cities and metropolitan authorities
- Figure 3.3. Assignment of responsibilities in cities: the case of Toronto
- Figure 3.4. Assignment of responsibilities in cities: the case of Tokyo
- Figure 3.5. Assignment of responsibilities in cities: the case of Stockholm
- Figure 3.6. Expenditures per capita in selected areas in OECD cities
- Figure 3.7. Revenue sources of various cities in OECD metropolitan areas
- Figure 3.8. Composition of tax revenue sources of various metropolitan areas in OECD countries
- Box 3.14. Pros and cons of local taxes for metropolitan areas
- 3.5.2. Fiscal autonomy
- 3.5.3. Financing services and infrastructure: public-private partnerships
- + 3.5.4. Dealing with intra-metropolitan fiscal inequalities
- 3.5.5. Impact of national equalisation schemes
- 3.5.6. Summary: dilemma VII
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3.5.1. Functions and responsibilities of cities and metropolitan authorities
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Appendix 1. Definition of Metropolitan Areas in some OECD Countries
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Appendix 2. OECD Methodology for Identification of Metropolitan Regions
- Figure A.2.1. Methodology for selecting OECD metro-regions
- Table A.2.1. Definition of metro-regions according to the OECD
- Table A.2.2. Sources and years of reference for population
- Table A.2.3. Sources and years of reference for GDP
- Table A.2.4. Sources and years of reference for labour force
- Table A.2.5. Sources and years of reference for employment
- Table A.2.6. Sources and years of reference for old-age dependency ratio
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Appendix 3. Regressions and Correlations in Chapter 1
- Table A.3.1. Correlation between income and population
- Table A.3.2. Correlation between income and population in mega cities
- Table A.3.3. Correlation of growth rates at the metro and national levels
- Variables entered/removed
- Model summary
- Coefficients
- Variables entered/removed
- Model summary
- Coefficients
- Variables entered/removed
- Model summary
- Coefficients
- Table A.3.4. Results for regressions using intercept and control variables
- Variables entered/removed
- Model summary
- Coefficients
- Figure A.3.1. Relationship between population size and income
- Variables entered/removed
- Model summary
- Coefficients
- Appendix 4. Identifying the Determinants of Regional Performances
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Executive Summary
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Part II. Proceedings from Conferences and Workshops on City Competitiveness
- Introduction
- + Mainsprings of the Creative City:Lessons for Policy-makers
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Globalisation and Urban Competitiveness:Challenges for Different Typesof Urban Regions
- Figure B.1. Employment growth 1995-2002
- Figure B.2. GVA growth 1995-2002
- Figure B.3. Population growth 1995-2002
- Figure B.4. GVA growth 1995-2001
- Figure B.5. Determinants of urban competitiveness
- + Towards a typology of cities?
- The impact of globalisation on different types of cities
- Key policy challenges
- + Specialisation and Networkingin Medium-sized Cities
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The Impact of Tertiary Educationon Urban Development
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Policies to Enhance City Attractiveness:Achievements and New Challenges
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The Connections Between Social Cohesionand City Competitiveness
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Labour Market Integration Policies to EnhanceSocial Cohesion
- Centrality of the labour market
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General lessons from urban labour markets research
- Big problems normally have big causes and will take equally big action to resolve
- Although problematic outcomes are concentrated around specific- labour sub-markets the basic causes will often not lie there
- Targeting job growth or supply-side initiatives heavily on particular sub-markets is not generally a solution to the “effort” problem
- Relevant policy approaches
- + Can Distressed Urban AreasBecome Growth Poles?
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Cohesion and Competitiveness:Business Leadership for Regional Growthand Social Equity
- + Governance for Metropolitan Sustainability
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Local Public Finance:Issues for Metropolitan Regions
- Bibliography
Urban areas represent an important part of the national economy and feature higher GDP per capita and productivity levels than their country’s average. But they also harbour large pockets of unemployment and poverty and suffer fromproblems such as congestion, pollution and crime. This book examines whether they are sustainable in the long term and what needs to be done to keep these engines of economic growth running smoothly.A synthesis report based on OECD metropolitan reviews and a database of 78 metro regions, this report examines cities performance within their countries and addresses key issues such as competitiveness and social cohesion, intergovernmental relationships, and urban finance. “This is a 'must read' publication, not only for those who already believe in the key importance of urban policy, but even more so for those who remain to be convinced.” Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón, Mayor of Madrid, Spain "The most comprehensive examination of the territorial dimension underlying economic growth today." Saskia Sassen, author of Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages (Princeton University Press 2006). With the nation-state and the corporation seen as the world’s two competing economic and social units, the regional economy is often overlooked. It’s refreshing to see such detailed attention paid to its role as the real motor force of international growth.”Richard Florida, author of The Flight of the Creative Class. “This report on cities demonstrates that economic prosperity and social well-being are inseparable.”Jean-Louis Borloo, Minister of Labour, Social Cohesion and Housing, France. "A striking report that will force governments to reconsider their urban agenda". Dr. Giulio Santagata, Minister of Government's Programmes, Italy. This report provides invaluable advice for policy makers as our cities grapple with profound change."David Crane, Columnist on Global Issues, The Toronto Star
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Book Details
Editors
Categories
Business & Economics > Urban & Regional
Publishers
Publication year : 2006
License: All rights reserved ©
Times read: 10
